En Suecia la legislación que regula el acceso a la asistencia sanitaria discrimina de forma significativa a los solicitantes de asilo y los inmigrantes sin permiso de residencia. La única excepción corresponde a los hijos de los solicitantes de asilo, a los menores que hayan solicitado asilo o aquellos a cuyos padres se les haya denegado el mismo.
Los adultos solicitantes de asilo sólo tienen derecho a acceder de forma gratuita a la "asistencia no aplazable", a la atención pre y postnatal, a la planificación familiar y al aborto. Además, deben pagar una contribución por recibir algunos de estos servicios.
La población inmigrante en situación irregular ha sido siempre totalmente invisible para la legislación. Sólo recientemente se ha hecho referencia en una ley a las personas que ven denegada su solicitud de asilo, únicamente para dejarlas al margen de aquellas categorías de extranjeros que tienen algún tipo de acceso al sistema sanitario. Por lo tanto, los inmigrantes sin permiso de residencia, incluidos los menores (que no sean hijos de personas a las que se ha denegado el asilo), las mujeres em­barazadas o las personas que se encuentren en una situación de urgencia o con una enfermedad infecciosa grave, no tienen ningún tipo de acceso gratuito a la sanidad en Suecia y tienen grandes dificultades para pagar el elevado coste de los servicios sanitarios en este país. Al no existir una prohibición formal de atender a los inmigrantes sin permiso de residencia algunas autoridades provinciales y hos­pitales públicos han desarrollado tímidas iniciativas a través de las cuales ofrecen algunos servi­cios sanitarios a este marginado grupo social.
Descargar el informe sobre la legislación sueca en materia de asistencia sanitaria de las personas inmigrantes sin permiso de residencia y los solicitantes de asilio (en inglés).
Descargar la comparativa general de dieciséis países en el ámbito de asistencia sanitaria de las personas inmigrantes sin permiso de residencia y los solicitantes de asilio (en sueco). Descargar el informe en castellano.
Adult undocumented migrants in Sweden currently only have the opportunity to access emergency healthcare against full costs. The Swedish Government and the Green party have agreed upon expanding the legislation in the area of healthcare for undocumented migrants. The Government's announced ambition is that every person in Sweden shall have the same rights to healthcare. Parliament is to vote on a government proposal sometime early next year. It has not clearly been stated exactly yet which groups of undocumented migrants are to be included in the legislation, neither which types of healthcare are to be included.
Sweden has ceased the transfer of asylum seekers to Greece, under the Dublin Regulation. Sweden follows here the example of Belgium, the UK, Iceland and Norway, which have already stopped sending asylum seekers to Greece and are examining the cases nationally. Furthermore, Austria's Constitutional Court ruled that vulnerable asylum seekers must not be sent back to Greece. The Netherlands is also suspending transfers for those who challenge the decision to be transferred to Greece under the Dublin Regulation.
Source: ECRE weekly bulletin, 5 November 2010
This thesis, written by Baghir-Zada, Ramin, deals with illegal aliens in Sweden and the Netherlands with the main focus on health aspects. The three-fold aim is to investigate emergence of healthcare wants among illegal aliens, how they satisfy these wants (if they do so at all), and to explore the relation between their healthcare wants and health wants. Extensive fieldwork was conducted in both countries, including 42 interviews with illegal aliens in Sweden - and 38 in the Netherlands.
The Swedish government has announced plans to build specially-designed care centres in Afghanistan where unaccompanied children seeking asylum in Sweden can be returned to. The Swedish Migration Minister insisted that: "The most important thing is to enable the child to be reunited with his parents. If the only basis for a child to stay in Sweden is because they are alone, then it is better that they live in their home country while a search is conducted for their parents". Sweden is not the only country to announce such plans in response to an increase in the number of unaccompanied children seeking asylum. The Danish government has recently made public similar plans while the Netherlands has been funding reception facilities in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo for several years now.
Sources:
- ECRE Weekly Bulletin 26 March 2010
- The Local, 'Sweden plans Afghanistan orphanages'
Sweden's National Assembly of Health Professionals, the Vårdförbundet, issued a message to the Swedish Minister of State stating its opposition to the government's policy of blocking access to health care for undocumented migrants.
The medical professionals state that denying healthcare contravenes the codes of professional ethics that apply to Sweden's midwives, biomedical scientists, radiographers and nurses who have pledged to continue complying with the principle of human dignity and providing healthcare on equal terms and on needs. These medical professionals have vowed that the right to health, as guaranteed in international conventions, will always take precedence over national laws and regulations that contravene the principles. The Vårdförbundet's National Assembly strongly urged all parties in the Swedish Parliament to assume their responsibility so that people without papers and those in hiding throughout Sweden may gain access to health care on the same terms as the rest of the population.
Source: www.vardforbundet.se